Valves are devices that are crucial in controlling the flow of fluids (liquids or gases) within various systems.
I. Structure and Components
A valve typically consists of a body, which is the main structure that contains the fluid. The body is usually made of materials like metal (such as stainless steel, carbon steel) or plastic, depending on the application.There is a disc or plug inside the valve. This part moves to open or close the passage for the fluid. For example, in a ball valve, a spherical ball acts as the disc.Seats are present where the disc or plug makes contact. They help in creating a tight seal when the valve is closed.Handles or actuators are provided to operate the valve. Manual valves have handles that can be turned, while automatic valves may be operated by electric motors, pneumatic or hydraulic systems.

II. Types of Valves
Gate Valves: These are often used in applications where a full flow is required when the valve is open. They are commonly found in water supply systems.Ball Valves: As mentioned before, with a spherical ball inside. They are known for their quick – opening and closing capabilities and are widely used in various industries, including chemical processing and HVAC systems.Butterfly Valves: Have a circular disc that rotates 90 degrees to control the flow. They are suitable for large – diameter pipes and are often used in ventilation systems.Check Valves: Allow fluid to flow in only one direction. They are essential in preventing backflow in piping systems, such as in sewage treatment plants.

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